A serious mechanic trauma, extensive surgery are followed by the development of a massive endogenous antigenemia: endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), DNA, nucleoproteins (NP), polypeptides destroyed by their own cells, DNA, viruses NP and bacteria of the endogenous microflora. The development of immediate protective and adaptive reactions of the immune system are formed by its phylogenetically ancient structures, which include factors of innate immunity.

The aim of the research: to explore the characteristics (peculiarities) of the formation of the primary reaction of systemic and local factors of innate immunity in shock genicity mechanical injury.

Material and methods:Traumatic shock (TS), simulated in an experiment in rats by Cannon. Post-traumatic period (PTP) was traced to 14 days. We determined the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes in peripheral blood, leukocyte index of intoxication - LII, phagocytic activity of neutrophils; their metabolic activity, by reducing nitro blue tetrazolium test, the content of lysosomal-cationic protein; lysozyme activity of serum DNA-binding capacity of blood serum proteins, the level of natural antibodies reactiving with LPS - with glycolipid Re-chemotype E.Coli; At a DNA by ELISA. We studied the cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of the Peyer's patches.

The results: The development of TS and post-shock period (PSP sequences) in rats were accompanied by hypodynamia, superficial and rapid breathing, tachycardia, pallor eye (retina exemia), a sharp decrease in reflexes. We recorded the changes of the factors of innate immunity, corresponding to the periods of post traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD): shock - (0-3 hours) and post- shock period (1-14 days). The initial reaction was characterized by the development of leukopenia, evident lymphopenia, increasing of LII, the percent of phagocytic cells, their metabolic activity, lysosomal-cation secretion of neutrophils. In PSP on the 1 day after the injury, the nature and the direction of changes in the factors of natural resistance remained, but the extent of their expression was lower. On the 14th day, the full recovery of the natural resistance indices did not happen. Increasing the concentration of DNA-binding proteins, At to native and denatured DNA in the first 3 hours was replaced by a fall on the 1st day after the injury. The sharp increase in titer of At reacting with LPS Е.Соli in the first minutes after the injury with their complete disappearance in three hours indicated about a high endotoxinlinking activity of blood serum in the early period after injuries resulting in the depletion of this mechanism. In PSHP the ability of blood serum to react with LPS Е.Соli was gradually increased, reaching maximum values on the 3rd and 14th day after the injury.

The absorption of toxins E. coli and other antigens of intestinal origin occurs through the structure of hemoenterocytic barrier. Lymphoid elements, especially Peyer's plaques, play a decisive role in the formation of local immunity of the intestine. During the first hours after a trauma morphofunctional changes of Peyer's plaques were shown by micro-circulation violation, strengthening of migration of lymphoid elements, degranulation of mast cells. On the 5th day the number of plasma cells increased and was registered their contact with macrophages, lymphocytes. The existence of similar contacts reflects manifestations of the local cellular cooperation, which is peculiar to the immune reorganization which inductors are LPS E.Coli and other engdogenny molecules. Probably, the activation of cellular factors of congenital immunity occurs through the interaction of these ligands with Toll-like receptors. LPS gram-negative bacteria is distinguished (recognized) by TLR4. Lipoproteins of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria connect with TLR-2, DNA viruses and bacteria with TLR-9. It is known that TLR activation on the cells of the innate immunity leads to the expression of a large number of genes of chemokines and antiphlogistic cytokines that brings to the development of local and systemic inflammatory reactions. TLR expression on dendritic and other immunocompetent cells is important, not only for the initiation of innate immunity, but also for its coordination with adaptive immunity.

Thus, in a serious mechanical trauma the formation of primary reactions of immune system is connected with the activation of cellular and humoral factors of innate immunity. The fast exhaustion of these factors creates conditions for the development of post-traumatic dysfunction of immune system.