The biggest challenge of the new century is the problem of ecology. Feature of the modern development of industrial centers is the concentration of large industrial complexes in the city, which creates a constant risk of contamination of the production and the environment for a long time and the deterioration of public health. Stable high incidence in environmentally disadvantaged areas indicates the imperfection of preventive medicine. Preventive medicine measures are important in preventing the negative effects of man-made factors on the health of the population as "human factor" is the limiting element for the further development of the economy.

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the influence of various environmental factors on the incidence and mortality for the main categories of communicable and non-communicable diseases are highlighted environmentally caused diseases, clinical and experimental studies to clarify the mechanisms damaging effects of the environment on human health ecologically disadvantaged regions. However, all studies are sketchy, the implementation of research results has regulatory confirmation, no monitoring of the effectiveness of these implementations.

One of the objectives of the State Programme for the Development of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2015 "Salamatty Kazakhstan" is to improve the health of citizens of Kazakhstan to sustainable socio-demographic development of the country. With the introduction and development of the Unified National Health System created a need for a systematic approach to solving the problem of environmental aspects of public health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This situation calls for a holistic approach in addressing the issue of public health and the formation of long-term research programs from the concept of unity of production, environmental and social environment. Management of public health and environmental safety includes a quantitative assessment of industrial risk, environmental risk, and the risk of damage to the health of the population. The purpose of environmental safety are to increase life expectancy, longevity and professional capacity, reduce morbidity and mortality. Ensuring environmental security and sustainable socio-economic development of society is possible only through the establishment of regional monitoring systems environment and public health, as stated in the WHO Global Strategy on health.

Today, the concept of the city as an artificial entity does not meet the dictates of time and should be replaced by the concept of the city as the ecosystem of the human environment in which creation along with the important role played by anthropogenic climatic, physical and chemical factors. Strengthening and maintaining the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being in all areas of life, warning them of deviations health caused by living conditions, the formation of the environment adapted to their physiological and psychological capabilities are the actual problem of medical science. At present, therefore it became necessary to study the formation of the control system of the Republic of Kazakhstan public health and environmental safety, contributing to an increase in life expectancy, professional longevity, reduce morbidity and mortality.