In the post-classical natural science combined consideration of thought and experience has become part of the scientific method. Retrospective reveals in science XVI century purposeful work to find a way of thinking into new areas of knowledge, including knowledge of man himself.

In the XVII century, research in the field of mechanics led to the formation of the classical paradigm of the natural sciences. It uses adjusted concepts of classical physics: matter, force, interaction, space, time. It was material to form a broad picture of the material world. Each process belongs to the classical picture of the world, is a consequence and a cause of other processes. The concept of "reality" in the classical paradigm refers to things and processes that we perceive with our senses, or that we observe with the aid of modern experiment. One can not ignore the fact that the human mind is shaped not only by natural inclinations and under the influence of teachers, but also resonates with the environment.

The man in the classical paradigm could be understood as a part of nature, as a material body, as part of the primary reality. Naive materialism of the classical paradigm ruled out of the picture of reality personality, soul, life, and the very idea. Has been broken, thus, the integrity of human nature and his knowledge as a derivative nature.

Natural history of the XX century broadened the scope of the relationship between the human spirit and reality, recognizing them as part of the subject of natural science research. Thus it is necessary to take into account that the content of these concepts varies and differs not only from the content of the concepts XVI, but XIX centuries.

The unity of the physical and the psychic in person, that person - it's part of the same nature, which he explores in the learning process, investigated Mach in his work "Knowledge and Error" [1]. Man creates a scientific picture of the world, using both their physical and mental capabilities. If they are not enough to create a complete image of the object of reality, he mentally completes the image, which it only needs to consistently follow the rules of mental activity, to follow the logic. That is, perceptions of reality, formed on the basis of our experience and of nature our thinking.

Awareness of the role of the subject in a non-classical scientific knowledge has led to the development of philosophical thought, the direction of which was defined as "the philosophy of natural science." In this field of knowledge to carry out methodological harmonization of philosophy and natural history.

In the history of science proved the most fruitful meeting between the two different ways of thinking. Currently fruitful interaction humanitarian and natural science methodologies thinking and their integration with the purpose of knowledge and understanding of human-to-date thinking.

New philosophical trends are aimed at understanding the spiritual characteristics of a person as a resource of knowledge of human nature. One can not ignore the fact that the human mind is shaped not only by natural inclinations and under the influence of teachers, but also resonates with the environment. The spiritual life of society is not possible without the spiritual life of individuals, as well as the idea of social life. To characterize modern societies use the category of "human capital." The spiritual potential of a society - it is a renewable resource, a part of its human capital. The resumption of the spiritual potential of society requires the free manifestation of the spiritual forces of individuals.

Impact on the process of knowledge the knowing subject requires consideration in the results of scientific work is not only physical but also mental nature of man. Cognitive activity always includes both the knowledge of the subject of the study. The process of cognition is the ability to live self-reflexive nature. Postnonclassical methodology of knowledge does not separate the object of study from a researcher. In modern scientific picture of the world of subject and object of knowledge does not appear externality each other, and appear only relatively autonomous components special integrity.

Cognition - the basis of human mental life. Cognition unites man with reality, confirming the integrality of human nature and his knowledge.