Now it is necessary to provide transition of national economy to a trajectory of steady and balanced growth. It is necessary not only for ensuring modernization, but also for transition to innovative option of economic development and creation of the infrastructure.

As authors of Strategy 2020 say: interdependence of the developed and developing economies, new situation in the international division of labor and the global competition are important for understanding the nature, the importance and problems of development of the Russian innovative sphere. Owing to high internal expenses, including compensation, competitiveness of domestic economy in sector of mass industrial production is limited. At the same time rather high quality of the human capital and the remained scientific potential offer Russia opportunities to occupy certain niches in the market of technologies.[1].

Russian businessmen, scientists, professors in higher education institutions recognize strategic need of stimulation of innovative researches with the following use of the received results in production.

From the beginning of the 2000th the level of innovative activity of the enterprises doesn't exceed 10%, conceding not only to the leading countries, but also the states of Eastern Europe. It concerns both technological, and non-technological (organizational, marketing) innovations where degree of intensity is twice lower.[2].

The Russian business still shows obviously low demand for innovations. Only two percent of the industrial enterprises are focused on the foreign markets. Innovative activity is based mainly on acquisition of cars and the equipment, instead of carrying out researches and creation radical innovations on their own basis. As a result, all innovative production which is new to the markets, makes only 0,6% in a total amount of shipped production (in Germany — 3,3%, Finland — 6,3%).[1].

It is possible to draw a conclusion that for ensuring forward development of the Russian economy it is necessary to solve extremely complex problem assuming the solution of a complex of problems. In our opinion, the ultimate solution to urgent problems is the formation and development of human capital

It should be noted that ensuring effective economic growth in Russia is significantly limited by a number of not solved social and institutional problems. The most important of them are the following:

– high risks of conducting business activity in Russia, also in connection with corruption existence, the excessive administrative barriers, insufficient level of protection of the property rights, opacity of system of the land relations;

–  poor development of self-organization forms, business and society self-regulation, low level of trust in combination with low level of efficiency of public administration;

– low level of the competition in a number of the markets, not creating incentives to labor productivity increase for the enterprises;

– insufficient level of development of national innovative system, coordination of education, science and business [1].

For Russia it is especially important because in a situation of transformation China and India in the main engines of world economic growth and with emergence of the new world centers of economic development in Asia and Latin America, a situation when loss of rates in ensuring growth of national economy can become quite real. It can reject our country for the long period of time to the periphery of development of a modern civilization.

European countries are classified by extent of development of innovations as follows: Leaders of innovations; Following leaders; Innovators of the average level; The catching-up countries [2]. Unfortunately, we must note that Russia in this list is not available, even among the countries catching up.

In this difficult for Russia situation creation of innovative economy can be one of possible solutions of a problem of ensuring economic growth. This may be used various tools of government regulation, including technology platforms [3], the clusters [4,5]. Which should be based on the formation and development of national intellectual resources. This should be the fundamental direction of the next reforms in our country, and the main task of the education system.

2. Innobarometer 2009 – Analytical report http://www.proinno-europe.eu/EIS2009/website/docs/EIS_2009_Final_report.pdf

3. http://www.kapital-rus.ru/articles/article/200944

4. http://elibrary.finec.ru /.

5. Шамаева Н.П. Взаимосвязь инноваций и знаний - стратегическое условие создания эффективного кластера .Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и менеджмент. 2015. Т. 9. № 1. С. 67-73.