The products of combustion in the cylinder of the internal combustion diesel engines are produced mainly by chemical reaction components of fuel and oxygen in the air as a result of oxidation of compounds of oxygen and nitrogen contained in the air components of fuel and combustion occurring within workflow «combustion – expansion». Toxic elements in the elementary composition (C+H+S+O=1) of the diesel fuel combustion products are: ozone (O3), carbon black (C), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, ammonia (NH3) (NO, NO2) sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon disulfide (CS2), methine (CH), Me-methyl (CH3), formaldehyde (H2CO) and benzopyrene (C20H12).

The operating conditions to control the degree of the environmental impact of diesel locomotives on the environment held special periodic tests with the assessment of the composition and the specific amount of harmful emissions in the exhaust gases at various loads of diesel generator diesel units. Then the mass value of the emissions of harmful substances when i work the locomotive for some interval time t defined for formula kg

where Пk - the number of driver controller positions of the locomotive; gik - specific emission i harmful substances while working on the locomotive driver controller positions k, kg/h; tk- time locomotive at position k, h.

               Despite the existence of experimental methods for monitoring environmental parameters of transport engines, it must be assumed that the most reliable, most accurate, most affordable and less time consuming methods are analytical estimates of the number of products of combustion, which are based on the reactions of the components of fuel oxidation by atmospheric oxygen.

               For the calculation of operational environmental performance of production of diesel engines can be used a method of equilibrium composition [1], the benefits of which are obvious for the following reasons:

               - in the calculation of the combustion products is taken into account the elemental composition of hydrocarbon fuel;

               - the composition and the number of elements in the combustion products is calculated using the thermodynamic parameters of the working fluid (the proportion of unburned fuel, pressure, temperature, cylinder volume, excess air ratio, etc.) in the process of burning fuel;

               - the results of mathematical modeling of the parameters of the internal combustion engine working cycle, which is based on the results of bench tests determined the combustion efficiency in the cylinder, which is adjusted on the basis of the composition and quantity of the products of combustion.

               According to [2] we accept that, as a part of the exhaust gases from the combustion of diesel fuel composition of H + C + O + S = 1 may contain 36 elements for the definition of the amount - which uses four material balance equations written in the form:

Dalton's equation

where n - number of elements in the diesel fuel combustion products;- number of atoms of the corresponding elements in the flue gas.

               The number of atoms of the corresponding elements in the equations (2-5) are expressed in terms of the partial pressure of the corresponding thermodynamic state of the working fluid in the engine cylinder.

      The values ​​of the partial pressure of combustion products i to j phase of combustion are determined by joint decision of the equations (2-6) before calculating equilibrium dissociation constant during the reaction of gaseous combustion products that the ratio of the partial pressures of the individual components of the mixture.

               The magnitude of the partial pressures of the individual components is determined by combustion at a known temperature, using the combustion gas dissociation equilibrium constants of the reactions [2].

where X = Tzj / 1000 - temperature working fluid in the cylinder j in the time of fuel combustion, K; K0, K1 , ... , K10 - equilibrium constants of reactions of gases dissociation .

               Then the number of the i - th combustion product to of j - th moment mij combustion process is determined by using the equation of state of gases, kg:

(8)

where  mi - molar mass of i- product of combustion , kg/kmol; Vj, Tj - the volume of the cylinder and the working temperature of the body in the j - th point of the combustion process ; R - universal gas constant.

Sequential combustion summation quantity at time intervals (crank angle) from the beginning of the products of combustion (j = 0) to the end (j = jz) to determine the number of i - th combustion product and the total amount of exhaust gas during the operating cycle of the engine:

(9)

               Changing the working fluid parameters (volume, pressure, temperature, and the proportion of fuel combusted air-fuel ratio) in the cylinder to the estimated time interval ji-1- ji is due to heat generation during combustion, heat exchange with the working fluid cylinder walls, gas exchange between the volume cylinder intake and exhaust systems, changes in the composition of the working fluid etc.

               In calculating the operational environmental performance of production process parameters of transport diesel fuel burning in the engine cylinder can be estimated using the equation I.I. Vibe [4,5].

               Using the method of equilibrium composition and process parameters of fuel burning in the cylinder calculated by the method of I. Vibe [3,4,5], determined the amount of the combustion products of diesel 6CHN31,6/33 for nominal operation (Table 1).

               The table does not include the products of combustion, the quantity of the exhaust gases which does not exceed 10-20 kg/h is methane, nitrogen sulfide, methine, methylene, ethynyl and other elements.

 

Table 1. Number of fuel combustion in a diesel engine 6CHN31,6 / 33 for the nominal mode

Name of product combustion	Number of products combustion , kg/h	Name of product combustion	Number products combustion , kg/h
Oxygen  О2	8,9095×102	Oxides of nitrogen  NО	5,5976×100
Ozone О3	1,2247×10-5	Nitrous acid nitrogen NO2	0,3789×100
Hydrogen   Н2	2,1444×100	Cyan  CN	2,2123×10-18
Hydroxyl  ОН	5,6553×10-2	Formyl НСО	1,3984×10-11
Aqua Н2О	9,6511×101	Formaldehyde Н2СО	4,6094×10-15
Сarbon dioxide СО2	2,4588×102	Ammonia NH3	1,2539×10-10
Сarbon monoxide СО	6,6939×10-4	Ammonocarbonous acid  HCN	1,2330×10-16
Monatomic carbon С	0,1750×100	Diatomic sulfur S2	1,4528×100
Diatomic nitrogen N2	4,7558×103	Sulfur oxide SO	1,3344×10-15
Monoatomic nitrogen N	1,0542×10-10	Sulphurous acid anhydride  SO2	1,7553×10-9
Note. Power diesel                                  Ne = 883 кВт, Specific fuel consumption be = 0,278 кг/(кВт·ч).

Conclusions 

              Thus, the use of mathematical models to assess changes parameters of fuel burning in the engine cylinder and the method of calculation of the combustion products at equilibrium conditions, will eliminate the gas analyzers ensure the efficiency of environmental control, to evaluate the technical condition of vehicles and engines of the quality of the flow of the working process in the cylinder.